Global Transformation Pathways
There are 10 Global Transformation Pathway Teams (GTPTs). Each GTPT is comprised of Indigenous scholars and Indigenous Knowledge holders (e.g., Elders), senior/mid-career and early career researchers, as well as graduate students. Our Co-leads will liaise with Indigenous Research Teams carrying out Place-Based Projects (ILPBPs), and work across conventional political, cultural and ecological boundaries to determine how the outputs of ILPBR projects are relevant at global scales.
Core Pathway activities centre around:
- Creating space for networking between Indigenous organizations, governments, and other global partners;
- Supporting the development of methodological toolboxes, webinars, and resources for the ILPBPs;
- Synthesizing research with Indigenous governments and organizations in ways that can amplify results and inform policy and institutional change.
T1 - Strengthening Indigenous Food Systems
Strengthening Food Security
Relevant and Related Research Gap
Traditional food systems are a well-known determinant of Indigenous health [12]. Biodiversity has been generally described as important to these food systems but specifics are limited [13-15]. What role does biodiversity play in strengthening Indigenous food systems?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Degree of use of Indigenous foods (proportion of diet); Health/safety and availability of Indigenous food systems
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – use and market/non-market value of biodiversity; improved stewardship due to incentives of food security [16,17]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Updated/expanded overview of the uses/value of Indigenous foods and medicines (Year 3, Year 6)
T2 - Recognition of Indigenous Land Rights
‘Land Back’ – Indigenous Rights
Relevant and Related Research Gap
‘Land grabbing’ has displaced many Indigenous peoples with major health consequences [18–24]; where Indigenous peoples control their lands-resources, biodiversity outcomes improve [25]. How can land-back contribute to biodiversity and Indigenous health-well-being?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Degree of support/legal recognition of Indigenous territories
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Security property rights create incentives for sustainable use and opportunities for stewardship [26,27]
+ – Sq. Km area reclaimed/rewilded spaces [28,29]; species recovery (e.g. Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas) [30]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Design principles for wholistically re-wilding based on Indigenous Knowledge
T3 - Recognition of Indigenous Rights - Sustainable Use:
Indigenous Harvesting – Sustainable Use
Relevant and Related Research Gap
The criminalization of Indigenous harvesting and land access has long been a tool of conservation [31-36]. What are the costs of criminalization of subsistence and exclusion of access to valued species, place, health, and wellbeing?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – De-criminalization of harvesting affects strength of country/traditional food systems which are key to positive health outcomes (e.g. decreased malnutrition, chronic illness) [37-40]
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Recognition of Indigenous harvesting rights and management practices creates incentives and opportunities for improved conservation and sustainable use [41-50]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Guide/inventory of “problematic” dispositions that contribute to the criminalization of resource access and use
T4 - Supporting Social Justice – Gender Diversity
Social Justice and Reconciliation
Relevant and Related Research Gap
Racism and gender-based violence create barriers to lands-resources, health services. How can social justice policies and recognitions of diverse gender identities improve biodiversity and health-well-being?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Understanding of the diversity of race/gender identities leads to a decrease in violence and other determinants of poor health [51-53]
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Natural resource management outcomes including biodiversity conservation improvements with social justice [54-56]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Indigenous Gender Identities Atlas; Ethnographies of Customary Law
T5 - Decolonization of Science Education
Decolonization of Science and Education
Relevant and Related Research Gap
Colonial education systems have been tools of colonization [57,58]; Present paradigms of biodiversity conservation exclude Indigenous peoples [59]; How can the inclusion of IK in fields of STEM improve approaches to biodiversity and health [60-62]?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Culturally appropriate and decolonized education opportunities lead to strengthened cultural continuity and are a determinant of improved health and well-being [63-66]
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Decolonization of STEM, the inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge contributes to a broader and deeper understanding of threats and solutions to biodiversity loss [67-73]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Indigenous Youth engagement in STEM training; Youth-Action on Biodiversity Health; Networking
T6 - Strengthening Sustainable Indigenous Economies and Livelihoods
Strengthening Indigenous Livelihoods
Relevant and Related Research Gap
Healing, recovery and innovation in Indigenous livelihoods are emerging in Canada and elsewhere [74–77]. What livelihoods and economies support biodiversity and health-wellbeing?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Sustainable livelihoods are a core determinant of health [78,79]
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Socio-economic sustainability affects biodiversity conservation outcomes [80-84]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Design principles for addressing Indigenous sustainable development models
T7 - Re-establish healthy relationships to wild species
Rebuilding Health Relationships to Wild Species
Relevant and Related Research Gap
There is very limited documented IK about wildlife disease and supporting healthy relationships to wild species and spaces[85-88]. What kinds of insights can be generated about the patterns of disease, their perceived risk? What are some rules/customary laws as well as best/wise practices about tracking (monitoring) and managing the spread of diseases such as COVID-19?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Recognition of Indigenous Knowledge in management of wild species health, which affects risks to human health [89-93]
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Recognition of Indigenous Knowledge in Management of wild species affects wildlife and ecosystem health outcomes [94-97]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Oral histories/observations on wildlife disease patterns; guidebooks for community-based monitoring of wildlife health; principles and management solutions
T8 - Improving water security for Indigenous peoples
Improving Water Security
Relevant and Related Research Gap
Industrialization of water resources is tied to declining aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity [98-100]; significant inequity in access to clean drinking water also exists in Canada and globally; indigenous population density negatively correlates with lower levels of access to water [101-103]. How do Indigenous rights and patterns of access to water affect biodiversity and health outcomes?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Clean water is a core structural determinant of public health [104]; increased equity in access to, and roles in the management of, water leads to improved health outcomes [105-107]
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Participatory tracking of threats to water resources > improved management; certainty rights of Indigenous Peoples creates incentives, opportunities for water stewardship and protection of biodiversity [108,109]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Coordinated community-based monitoring; “Indigenous-State of Aquatic Ecosystems in Canada”
T9 - Healing Physical and Spiritual Relationships to Nature
Healing Physical-Spiritual Relationship to Nature
Relevant and Related Research Gap
Some research recognizes the Current land the spiritual and therapeutic benefits of stewardship to health-well-being. What are the benefits of stewardship of nature to health/well-being? [110-112]. How is “being alive well” [113,114] protective of health and biodiversity?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Caring for nature (‘country’) and the emotional-spiritual connectedness affects health outcomes (e.g. mental health) [115,116]
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Emotional and spiritual connectedness to place affects stewardship and conservation outcomes [117-124]
Examples of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Events/storytelling outcomes that demonstrate spiritual intrinsic links existing between Indigenous Peoples and biodiversity/Mother Earth
T10 - Nurturing of Indigenous Approaches to Healing and Medicines
Nurturing Indigenous Medicine and Healthcare
Relevant and Related Research Gap
There is some growing recognition of Indigenous Knowledge related to medicine and health care [125-134]. How can incentives to nurture biodiversity improve health care and health outcomes? What synergies lie in healing people, healing the spirit, and healing the land?
Mechanism/Variable in support of Indigenous Health-Well-being
+ – Access, cultivation, harvest, use, biodiversity in health care, and healing affects efficacy (and cost) of care and health outcomes (e.g. prevention/prevalence of disease) [135-140]
Mechanism/Variable in Support of Biodiversity
+ – Recognition of biodiversity as a source of health, healing, and care affects value (market/non-market) and incentives to nurture biodiversity including genetic biodiversity (e.g. plants) [141-145]
Example of Interdisciplinary Outputs
Evidence of value/efficacy of Traditional Medicines and Health Practices; Wholistic Health Ethnographies
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